the veterinary News

  PRODUCTION ANIMALS

Newspaper the Capital of Rosario
19/6/04

Cattle ranch. Specialists predict better prices for the next years
The cows have guaranteed future
The lack worries about bull calves to supply the external market. The young
bovine intensive it contributes solutions



Leonardo Stringaro

The sector of cattles and meats has a promissory future to medium term.
Thus they seem to demonstrate it three determining elements in the future of
cattle ranch as they are the increase of the wage mass of Argentina and that
it motorizes the internal consumption of meat, the opening of the Chilean market and
recent declaration of the country like free of badly of the crazy cow (BSE).
By the originating extra income of the economic reactivation,
consumption of meat in the domestic market grew and already it surpasses surpasses both
kilos over the statistics of the last year (62 kilos by inhabitant
/year).
On the other hand, Chile buys to him to Argentina around 100 million of
dollars per year, and finally, the recognition of the country like free of BSE
the recent declaration and recognition as free country of BSE opens
ample circuit of possibilities in world-wide the meat market.
Nevertheless, there is a factor that can obstruct this growth and it treats
of the low rate of extraction that maintains the roundups Argentine - in rigor
the lack of bull calves that if it stays therefore ?will do very difficult to satisfy
new markets as of 2005 ".
At these conclusions they arrived the last week the panelistas that they gave
it closes to IV the National Days of Intensive Bovine Young that
they made in the Rural Society of Tuerto Deer.
According to Miguel Schiariti, to title of the Camera of the Meat Industry and
Derivatives of Argentina (Ciccra), the present situation and its tendencies
they also indicate that Argentina will obtain before the OIE that is compared
status of free country of aftosa with and without vaccination, allowing us therefore
enter the nonaftósico circuit, which - in not more than three years
it will transform into the segment of greater prices for the meats.
?It is necessary to say to him to the producer which good years for the cattle ranch come and
to explain to him that in two years we are going to have greater prices ", said
leader.
Although one is a difficult task, the problem happens to make understand him
to the cattle dealers who beyond the time that represents the increase of
demand, the young must begin to select vaquillonas immediately
not to fall in the old problems of always.
A form to revert happens them through the objectives fixed between the 16
producers of the group Cría Bovina Intensiva (CBI) of the Inta Tuerto Deer that
they work looking for one better complementación between the agricultural activities
and cattle dealers, as well as the improvement in productive atmospheres to maximize
the load animal, to increase to the production of bull calves by cow and hectare a
low cost and of obtaining a greater production in the time.

To return

In most of the countries with history in intensive agriculture and
conditions similar to those of Argentina (the U.S.A., Australia), the cattle ranch and
the young has not retired of the areas of high agricultural production. It is more,
the fattening one of bovines in those regions comes specializing on the basis of
confinement scheme (to corral) for being an alternative that does not compete
with the Earth and it uses the product that agriculture generates by means of
the grains like the soybean and the maize.
Some specialists affirm that the sector, far from discussing who
she justifies to whom, she must begin to observe like in other regions
she is present at of feedlot or systems of intensive bovine young (CBI), she justifies
the retention of cows and contributes to the production of bull calves on
marginal strubbles and saline or inundables grounds (fraction, low, very
light).
At the same time, it constitutes a form to obtain a secondary product
different from the grains, that the supply diversifies and generates - to its time
grain user, without competing of significant way with agriculture
of harvest.
For that reason, groups CBI speak of the cattle intensification beyond
evident delay with respect to the grain production.
An interesting data is that of a despicable participation in the market
of the bovine meat for eight years, the annual task coming from feedlot
it occupies more of 15% of the total (year 2004).
In addition to all the economic benefits that can bring the cattle ranch,
from the Inta Anguil one knows that the bovine humid atmosphere young,
combined with a harvest agriculture, it offers a very good opportunity
in order to contribute to environmental sustentabilidad and saving of resources through one
activity of low demand of exogenous energy and high stability. A form
to maximize those atmospheres with practical sense.

Sexual agreements

It is probable that in few years, the Hilton Quota loses a little
superiority, since to take shape the negotiations between the Union
European with the Mercosur exports for Argentina will be generated
near the 30 thousand tons with a price far better that the stipulated one
for the value known ones courteous (Hilton), that at the moment mean
60% of amount of the Argentine exports.
The difference would happen through the acquittal of the payment known like rate
import (20%), main condition of the initiated negotiation that
it tries before - of year end that the sales are canalized by means of
free format of all type of taxes.
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Summit of veterinarians of America

Two thousand veterinarians will meet in Buenos Aires to debate, among others
subjects, on the public health, the feeding and diverse aspects of
health animal. There will be lecturers of 14 countries of America, Europe and
The Australian Continent. ?By the good professional practices? it is the motto of the XIX
Pan-American congress of Sciences Veterinary, s that will be made between the 24
and the 28 of October in center of Conventions of the Hotel Sheraton de Buenos
Airs. It will be an analysis space in which the lineamientos will be defined
of the practice of the veterinary medicine for the next years. Information:
www.congresosint.com.ar/panvet2004
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Cattle ranch. Hard it is present at official in the world-wide congress of the meat
Argentina promises to take the trazabilidad to all the roundup
Now it governs for the export Europe. One would be due to identify to 56
million cattle heads

All the meat to the spit. The Argentine delegation took advantage of 15º congress
world-wide of the meat that is made in the Canadian city of Winnipeg it stops
to demand the aim of the commercial restrictions by the aftosa. In addition, in
an audacious play, the undersecretary of Agriculture, Claudius Sabsay, announced
that as of March the individual identification will become general of
cattle, that today only prevails for the animals with destiny of export to
European union.
The bet is its right to be in the new international scene for
business of the meats, that with the crisis of production caused by
sanitary problems in the United States and Canada, and perspective of prices
firm, it offers one renewed opportunity for the Argentine meats.
The commissioner of Agriculture of the European Union, Franz Fischler, foretold
that in next the 5 years the price of the bovine meat will raise a 9% in
Europe, which will drag an increase of the value of the product at level
international.
?With the new European farming policy that privileges the quality by
upon the number of cattle heads, we only anticipate a slight increase of
production, however will be several million inhabitants who will add themselves to
consumption ", said the civil employee in reference to the countries of East Europe,
recently integrated to the block. Parallelly, a report of the FAO
it indicated that the meat production world-wide, as a result of different
sanitary crises and the increase of the cost of foods, will increase to one
very low rate, from 250.4 million tons in 2003 to 253.6 million in
2004.
However, the exports of meat of South America, that increased in
last three years, would be increased in 6% in 2004, elevating the quota of
sale of meat from the region to 27%, over 16% of 1990 beginnings.
Against this background, the secretary of Agriculture, Miguel Fields, considered
like a ?inmerecido punishment? the restrictions that have been applied for 60
years by the aftosa to the Argentine meats.
?Many countries use the differences of sanitary status without measuring
existing risk in the diseases, to prevent the product entrance
meat ".
During the encounter that the holder of the Sagpya maintained with Bob Speller,
minister of Agricultura and Agroalimentación of Canada, to that he asked for
formation of a joint commission, with the United States and Mexico, that in
next September will visit the country to inspect establishments and
plants of task with views to the reapertura of the market of the north to
Argentine meats.

The undersecretary of Agriculture, Claudius Sabsay, took advantage of the congress stops
to make a bet of risk. ?In the last weeks, we have decided that
for March of 2005 all the national cattle ranch, that is to say, 56 million of
heads, are included/understood in an identification system
individual ".
The undersecretary emphasized that Argentina is the fifth producer and sixth
world-wide exporter of bovine meat and that ?the situation of the market
international, characterized by the lack of supply and firmness of
prices, constitute a good opportunity " to increase the participation
of the country.
The civil employee described the measurement like part of a policy destined a
?to finish with the standard double? between internal-external market, to obtain greater
?transparency and effectiveness in the system of sanitary control? and to construct
?highly competitive model? that allows ?to capture the maximum prices?
international to prop up the ?growth of all the chain? of
meat of the country.
The proposal to identify individually to 56 million heads,
considerable number still for the great cattle countries, was taken with
prudence by the present industralists. Ignacio Go'mez Alzaga, to title of
Market of Property of Liniers, was surprised by the announcement and
it considered that by ?the characteristics of the Argentine cattle ranch that, beyond
of the central area of the country, it is developed in zones difficult, it will be
a measurement difficult to apply ".

Paraarancelaria Aftosa

To its turn, in coincidence with the Argentine position in the matter of fever
aftosa, president of the Commission of the Code of Health Animal of the OIE,
Alexander Thiermann, said that they had to consider itself in a foot of equality a
the countries that, with or without vaccination, are free of the disease because
definitive eradication is not a scientific category ?recommended by
international codes ".
Also, Thiermann recommended ?to cut the paranoia? with respect to the ?cow
crazy person " who ?is a sanitary problem more?, not only ?nor the last one? and
she considered probable that in some years ?we are speaking of another serious one
disease ".
In aside from the congress, the secretary Fields met with the commissioner
of European Agriculture, Franz Fischler, to analyze the march of
negotiations between the Mercosur and the UE to reach a commercial agreement,
that it could derive in an increase of the quotas of export in the old one
continent.


Newspaper the Voice of the Interior
Supplement ?the Voice of the Field?
19/6/04

Meats: EE.UU supports I raise Argentinean
Télam agency

Winnipeg (Canada). The support from the United States and Canada to the reclamation
international of the certification of the aftosa fever like disease of
minimum risk, that with suitable handling does not threaten the health of the roundups
of import countries neither it infects the humans, is the favorable balance the more
for the Argentine position obtained during 15° World-wide Congress of
Meat that culminated yesterday in Canada.

The delegates of both nations were upon presentment receptive
of the secretary of Agriculture, Cattle ranch, Fishing and Foods, Miguel Fields,
and they promised to endorse to Argentina in its efforts to obtain that
Organization the International of Epizootias (OIE) places still on of equality a
the free countries of aftosa ?with or without vaccination?.
The conquest would allow to eliminate the ?double scientific standard? and to finish
with ?the sanitary? excuses that at the moment restrain the entrance of the meats
Argentineans to markets that demand ?risk zero? for the aftosa.
But ?solidarity? in as competitive means as is the Congress
Biennial of the Permanent Organization the International of Carne (OPIC), that
it reunites official organisms and private of 26 cattle countries, it has his
counterpart.
The support from the United States and Canada to the Argentine reclamation responds,
basically, to the buds of Encefalopatía Espongiforme Bovina (EEB) or ?it is vacant
crazy person " registered, with few months of difference, during 2003 in both
countries. The appearance meant the step to show the sanitary standards
more stops of the world to undergo the rejection of the international markets.
For that reason, their representatives understand that a new ?scientific frame? of
the diseases in the OIE, in which the risks are described on ?bases
technique and nonemotional ", would allow to limit the restrictions for
meats of the countries with aftosa problems or ?crazy cow? and would grant
arguments to demand the reapertura of the most reluctant markets before
World-wide organization of Comercio (OMC).
?Welcome to the club of the patients? it was the ironic greeting of the president
of the Institute of Promotion of Bovine Meats of Argentina, Arturo Llavallol,
to the new ?partners?.
?It is obvious that, as she indicated the secretary to it of Agriculture well of
Nation, Miguel Fields, they are beginning to suffer now what
Argentina has been coming suffering for more than 60 years, with a disease
much more benign which never it infected the cattle of no country and much less
to the consumers ", it indicated the leader.

Moderation

The situation favors the dialogue, nevertheless does not think that the generosity
of the circumstantial allies it helps to worry the reapertura of his own ones
markets closed for the Argentine meats for several years to cause
of the aftosa.
Fields left from this city with the promise of which the technical mission that
it will review the Argentine sanitary situation in September next (to the year of
bud of aftosa in Tartagal, Jumps) will be integrated by inspectors of
The United States, Canada and Mexico to manage, in joint form,
recovery of the market of the countries of the Gasoline.
But even though the results of the visit were favorable, esteem that
the resumption of the operations could happen for the second semester of
2005. It is that countries both infected of ?crazy cow? are deriving his
production to the internal consumption and does not have hardship to concern meat
Argentinean.

However, the conversations with the undersecretary of Agriculture of
The United States, Jim Butler, and with the minister of Agricultura and Agroalimentos
of Canada, Bob Speller, will continue in Buenos Aires, by the end of July
next when both attend, like special guests, to the Exhibition
Rural of Palermo.
Meanwhile, the European Union ?neither shuts up nor grants?. In its intervention
before the Congress, the agricultural commissioner of the communitarian government, Franz
Fischler, said that the recovery of the world-wide market of the meat will depend
to reconquer the confidence of the consumers.
It admitted that Europe, that in the last crisis by aftosa it sacrificed seven
million animals, are not going to assume new risks that put into play his
credibility.
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Reconversion with exporting profile
By Alexander Rollán | Of our Writing.
to arollan@lavozdelinterior.com.ar

The development in the province of 50 goat inns models in the next ones
two years, with the idea of incursionar in the business of the export of his
derivatives and to supply to the domestic industry, are the objective to medium
term that persecutes the goat provincial program, that commands the Agency
Cordova Science.
With the Earth revaluation and the competition of the cattle ranch in
the Cordovan northwest as of its main threats, the production
goat it tries to advance in the consolidation of its incipiente business
milkman.
In order to review to its strengths, and to identify the possible weaknesses,
more than 200 producers and technicians Friday last met in
goat module Taruca Huasi, of the Inta Funes Dean, where they analyzed
goat genetic improvement, the facilities and rational handling of
grass, the development of Cross the milk river basin of the Axis and the numbers that
it throws the experimental module.
The industrial profile whereupon the program of Cordova Agency Science
it identified to the sector, in society with the advances and results obtained by
the goat regional project of the Inta and the groups Rural Change, are
pillars on which the activity develops its process of reconversion.
?The strategy of ours pograma is the industrialization of the milk of
goat. We looked for to change the local concept of which the value of the goat was
dice by the meat and not by milk. A goat produces six times more value
economic with the milk that with the meat, but for it there is to create
commercial product ", explained to the Voice of the Field the president of the Agency
Cordova Science, Carlos Debandi.
With cheeses of goat under the mark Colorado Hill and milk the Clarita,
the official program already has its products in gondola. A circuit of
suppliers, integrated producing percents, contribute 15 thousand liters monthly
of milk cooled in each one the located elaboradoras Ray plants
Cut (department Seco River) and San jOse (San Javier). With the increase
seasonal in the production that is expected for the next month, volume a
to process will be increased to 20 thousand liters, to arrive in order year at 30 thousands
monthly liters.
The health of the milk that becomes industrialized is an exigency of the program
that one is fulfilled to rajatabla. The plants only buy raw material to inns
certificates by the Senasa free of brucelosis and tuberculosis. In these
conditions are around 45 thousand goats, approximately the 25
percent of the provincial stock of females (204 thousand heads).

Qualitative jump

The following step is to give one more a nut return to the industrial process:
to go of cold milk to the congealed one. ?We could verify in the analyses of
laboratory that is possible to congeal milk, to maintain it in freezer and
to reuse it in the product elaboration. The process will bring one to us
simplification in the logistics of harvesting and transport. Of this
it forms, milk in sachet is possible to be stored until by a period of
year ", explained Debandi.
The strong estacionalidad that shows the milk production in the province
she would be morigerada with the incorporation of the new process. The tips of
production is determined by the months of January and February, after that
the goat has young, and from the second fortnight of June to September.
According to Debandi, one of the strategic reasons of the congealed one of milk is
the storing to maintain the provision of raw material to the plants stable
industrialists.
For the adoption of the new process, the agency will qualify the next month
four new plants of freezing: enSalsacate (Pocho), San Carlos
Mines (Mines) and two in Pichanas (Cross of the Axis). The municipalities are
ordered to put the building; the producers, to do the logistics of
harvesting of the milk (that arrives cooled at the plant) and the Agency, of
to provide the equipment and the technician who will be in charge of the quality control.
They are in folder two future facilities: one in the Fig tree and another one in
zone of Old Step (both in Cross of the Axis).
The option to gather together raw material opens the possibility of sending milk
congealed Europe. ?When we have inns that reunite the exigencies of
European, it is possible that we pruned to also sell not only cheeses but milk a
Spain, Italy, and France ", maintained Debandi. The international market payment
around 1.50 peso the liter of goat milk, against 0.80 peso of
internal demand.
The official bet is to arrange, within two years, of 50 goat inns
models that reunite the European exigencies. The adjustment of the corrals,
the room of milks (automated) and the potable water installation,
they would demand an investment of 25 thousand pesos.

Newspaper the Newspaper of Tucuman
Rural supplement
19/6/04

The trazabilidad will be for all the cattle ranch
From March of 2005.
Announcement of the Secretariat of Agriculture and Food Policy.

The trazabilidad or individual identification of the animals, at the moment
limited the property destined to the task to export to the European Union
(UE), one will extend to all the bovine property of the country as of March
next, it announced the undersecretary of Agriculture and Food Policy,
Claudius Sabsay, in XV the World-wide Congress of the Meat that is made in
Winnipeg, Canada.
?In the last weeks, we have decided that for March of 2005 all
national cattle ranch, that is to say, 56 million heads, is
included/understood in a system of individual identification that eliminates the double
standard market internal-export and of identical guarantees for
national consumer like international ", assured the civil employee.
Sabsay emphasized that Argentina is the fifth producer and sixth
world-wide exporter of bovine meat and that ?the situation of the market
international, characterized by the lack of supply and the firmness of
prices, constitute a good opportunity to increase the participation of
our country in that commerce ".

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The analysis of management in the cattle operation ensures the success
Planning.
In order to determine with certainty the costs, the yields and the evolution of
roundup economic and physical data must be compiled during the year.

?In many cattle fields it is possible to be seen today that they apply technologies without
technical and economic criterion that can claim to me if they can or not to be viable
those applications. The producing account with the analysis of management like
tool fundamental to be able to evaluate its activity correctly, already
be if one is the activity raises inverne or Feed Lot ", explained to
Rural NEWSPAPER Maximum Corbalán, farming technician Added that the development
of this management it consists of compiling physical datas and economic during
year. These data are those that will give a series of results that serve stops
to elaborate a correct diagnosis of the activity. ?The great volume of
information that the work of management offers the producing industralist is
invaluable. It will be able to know the kilos meat that produced in the year;
production of meat by head; the efficiency of its stock for the cases of
the young and wintertime, and if lot is feed, the duration of the fattening one,
individual gain and the nutritional conversion ", indicated Corbalán. And it aimed
that the economic values will offer information on whatever cost to produce
a kilogram of meat, what cost has by cattle hectare; the weight that
they represent the amortizations or the expenses of the administration and
structure in the final result of the company.
?The elaboration of a plan of accounts and to arrive at certain values from
innumerable concepts that take part in the activity will determine that
arrive, in objective form, to the goal of the management. The formation of the technician
adviser is vital, not to fall in easy answers that they distort
objective that is persecuted, and to give to the producer the tranquillity that what
it is doing goes by the correct way ", concluded.


Newspaper the Nation
Supplement ?the Field?
19/6/04

Cattle ranch
They emphasize the value of the genetics of the bulls
They analyzed the impact of the DEP´s in Brangus

The HAT, Currents. - They offer information on the genetic value of
bulls, of the characteristics that can transmit their bull calves and even
they are able to mark the economic differences between a reproducer and
another one.
The Differences Waited for in the Lineage (DEP´s), a tool that
it is spreading between the criadores, offer objective data that allow
to observe the differences between the averages of the children of a reproducer
evaluated and the rest of the population to choose the most suitable animal it stops
an establishment.
From characters as weight when being born, weight to the weaning, final weight,
maternal aptitude, escrotal circumference and milk and growth, today every time
they are plus the cabins that work with this class of data to offer to
producers genetic with information make specific and detailed.
Only in Brangus, at the present time there are 30 cabins (on a total of 110
with active registry) that uses the DEP´s. In addition, the program Evaluation
of Brangus Reproducers (Erbra), that belong to the association of
producers of this race, have until the moment information of about 50.000
registered animals.
?With the DEP´s we can consider which is the superiority or inferiority
genetics that a bull is going to transmit to its descendants ", expressed Daniel
Musi, adviser of the Rural Society educational Argentina and of the University
Argentina catholic (UCA), during the day ?the DEP´s in the field?,
organized by the Association Argentina de Brangus and the Catholic University
Argentina in the cabin the Origins, located in this correntina locality.

Better results

According to the specialists commented before more than 150 producers and technicians,
just by to know what will inherit the bull calves is possible to evaluate the impact
economic of a reproducer.
For Musi, in the animals of the Brangus race a difference can exist
of 13 kilos between the reproducers that have lighter bull calves and
those heavier when being born.
Although the DEP´s serves to predict the genetic value of a bull, no
all the characteristics of that animal are transmitted of equal way.
In this sense, the ?heredabilidades? are located in the following ranks
(considered between 0 and 1): weight when being born, 0,59; weight to the weaning is located in
0,27; maternal aptitude, 0,14; final weight, 0.23 and escrotal circumference,
0,49.
A DEP´S is considered positive when it is over
average of the evaluated racial base and is negative if it is underneath.

Yield

Rodolfo Cantet, educational of the Faculty of Agronomy of the UBA, remarcó that
these tools generate yield. ?This is thus because the information
it makes the difference ", assured.
On the other hand, Fernando Lamarca, adviser of cabins, indicated that the sale of
bull can get to be easier if it has objective information.
?Already there are many producers that only acquire animals if they have DEP´s. By
that, now we aimed at that more cabins enter in this system and to that
buyer of bulls knows to read what they offer to him ", emphasized Martin Goldstein,
vice-president first of the Association Argentina de Brangus, a race that
he is 40 years old in the country.

By Fernando Bertello
Special envoy


Newspaper the Tribuno de Salta
Rural supplement
19/6/04

Cattle ranch. By Maria Cardozo Traillou - acardozo@astecna.com
The use of objective data in the purchase of reproducers

Before entering time of services in the heat of, he is opportune to make some
commentaries as far as the different criteria at the time of buying
bulls to use in the roundups, of way so that to do it with time, in form
conscious and programmed, avoiding hurried decisions on the matter.
Which are the points to consider at the time of choosing a reproducer. If
one is pure races, is fundamental that the bull to choose frame
within the racial characters fixed by the respective associations
of producers.

In addition, in all reproducer one is due to inspect:

· General Conformation: the animal must be harmonious, masculine and with
savage aptitude.
· Seriousnesses (a bull with problems of legs does not mount, or it does with
difficulty)
· Genital Apparatus: a veterinary doctor must certify the good state and
correction of the testicles, epidídimo, prepucio, etc.
· Ocular Lesiones (the Vista is very important to detect group
sexually active)
· Symptom of hepáticos upheavals derived from the excessive use of rations in
the preparation of the bulls (this repels directly in its aptitude
reproductive and not always he is reversible).
By the indicated thing, it is fundamental to have the certainty that
criador - cabañero of our election it is a scrupulous producer and of
our confidence. It will have, in addition, to offer guarantees as far as: control of
venereal tuberculoses, brucelosis, diseases; it will be, as well, person in charge
of the reproductive aptitude of its products. It would have to be a criador that no
it pardons subfertile animals although they have valuable pedigree and that,
in addition, he is very tedious and truthful in the taking of data that endorse the quality
of the future roundup father.
In Argentina, the selection and objective election of reproducers continue
being a little common fact. Today we counted on information that offers some
cabins (those that measure objective data), that are added already to the items
indicated and that they must have a fundamental roll in the election of a bull
father.

Some of these data are:

· Escrotal Circumference, since the size of healthy testicles has
direct relation with the production of semen.
· Capacity on watch: although it is discussed in method, bottom and it forms,
a real verification is from the operation of the reproductive apparatus of
bull.
· Index of Engrasamiento: Greater level of engrasamiento to smaller age, in one
given population, is Indicating of precocidad in the completion.
· Peso to the birth, although the factors are numerous that take part,
weight to the birth has a high correlation with frame and, generally,
a bull that was heavy when being born, will also give a heavy lineage, with
usual risk of distocias to the childbirth (mainly in small females and/or
young people).
· Indices of growth: they consist of rankings made in
cabins and involve different items, as gain of weight.

Loss of weight

Importance as opposed to:

DEP's or EPD's (difference waited for in the lineage or its synonymous one in English).
They are obtained statistical indices from all the information
available as far as performance of the animal and all its relatives of
those that have data. It predicts the behavior of the future lineage of
bull at issue. They fundamentally consider the weight to the birth,
weight to the direct weaning, maternal milk (relation with maternal aptitude and with
weight to the weaning), and final weight. It is clarified that the average EPD for a race
it changes annually, when updating itself the data. As well, they can vary according to
the different countries from origin. These indices go accompanied of
parameter that fixes the level of statistical exactitude: to greater amount of
data (greater amount of antecedents of the animal at issue and population more
great), greater it will be the precision of the EPD (will be possible to be needed with greater
exactitude the probable behavior of the lineage).

· Frame, is a direct reference to the corporal size (phenotype). It has one
narrow relation with the atmosphere (feeding, climate, handling). It is for that reason
that it is not enough with choosing a small bull of corporal size to come up
distocias; pues, si este ha tenido problemas de crianza o no tuvo una
correcta recría, puede estar ocultando un genotipo de mayor tamaño que el
que en realidad tiene y por ende, ocasionar problemas de parto en entore
precoz de vaquillonas.
Estas herramientas permiten elegir reproductores para distintos fines. Los
objetivos de producción pueden ser variables según el productor y cada
empresa en particular, y en esto no hay reglas fijas a seguir. Sin embargo
es muy importante que el empresario establezca estos objetivos siguiendo un
orden de prioridades, con la finalidad de tomar decisiones acertadas que lo
conduzcan a lograr lo que se propone. Así, si se quiere tener un toro apto
para dar servicio a vaquillonas de 15 meses que exigen toros con probada
facilidad de parto, hay que elegir: un toro con EPD negativo para ese
carácter, con un frame pequeño. Si se quiere producir novillos pesados,
usando vientres de cierto tamaño, hay que buscar un toro de mayor frame y
con un EPD positivo para peso final (lo cual implica menor precocidad y
mayor tamaño adulto).
El uso de herramientas estadísticas como los EPD's nos independizan en
cierta medida del medio, y nos predicen lo que puede ocurrir con la genética
del toro (genotipo). Como se señaló, no basta para prevenir distocias el
elegir un toro de tamaño corporal chico (puede deberse a problemas en su
crianza); use los EPD's para su selección objetiva.
Es conveniente también elegir criadores que trabajen sobre poblaciones de
animales abiertas (en el uso de sangres) y amplias. Si se trabajan con
poblaciones amplias, se estará en condiciones de hacer mayor presión de
selección. A su vez, dentro de una raza, se logran mejores resultados en
cuanto a progreso genético, si se selecciona sobre gran cantidad de
individuos genéticamente "abiertos", que sobre un rodeo cerrado y pequeño.
Así como elegimos un híbrido de maíz por su rendimiento y sanidad, la
propuesta es la de usar datos objetivos en la elección de nuestros toros
padres, tanto para plantel como para rodeos generales.
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Porcinos
El alimento para destete

La complementación de la dieta de los lechones en los primeros días después
del destete es fundamental y define todo el proceso de engorde del animal,
antes de sacarlo para el gancho. Estos son los resultados de un minucioso
trabajo de investigación.
Para poder determinar el efecto de la utilización de lactosuero ácido en
polvo y de maíz extrusionado en la alimentación de lechones destetados un
total de 347 lechones destetados a los 28 días de vida fueron alimentados
con dietas control que contenían primero de forma separada y después de
forma simultánea las dos materias primas a un nivel único de un 20% de la
ración.
La dieta base contenía trigo, aceite de colza, harina de soja y aminoácidos
con un nivel de energía neta 10,47 MJ EN/kg y 1,3 g lisina digestible por MJ
de EN, teniendo en cuenta la hipótesis de que el maíz extrusionado contenía
una concentración energética superior al 5% del maíz estándar.
Cada lechón recibió 7 kg de una de las dietas experimentales tras los cuales
todos los lechones recibieron la misma dieta hasta el final de la fase
post-destete.
No se observaron efectos significativos de la dieta sobre los índices de
conversión. Las dietas tampoco afectaron sobre el número de diarreas o de
cerdos con aspecto sucio aunque sí se observó una ligera mejora en este
último parámetro con la dieta control.
Respecto a la ganancia media diaria (GMD) sí se detectó una mejora
significativa en los cerdos alimentados con la dieta que contenía el
lactosuero ácido en polvo respecto a la dieta control (13,6 % durante el
período de alimentación con las dietas experimentales y 6,0% durante todo el
período post-destete). Por contra, la utilización de maíz extrusionado no
tuvo ningún efecto sobre la GMD.


Diario Río Negro
Suplemento Rural
19/6/04

Carnes: Argentina busca recuperar credibilidad
En el 15º Congreso Mundial de la Carne funcionarios argentinos dejaron en
claro que lo de la aftosa fue superado y que se trabajará para aplicar
trazabilidad a todo el rodeo nacional.

El negocio de la carne vacuna en la Argentina, a la salida del frigorífico,
tiene una facturación aproximada de 2.300 millones de dólares por año, como
respuesta a la alta complejidad en los tres eslabones que integran la cadena
comercial: la producción, la industria y el consumo, sostuvo el
subsecretario de Política Agropecuaria Claudio Sabsay.
Al disertar durante las jornadas del Congreso Mundial de la Carne, que
finalizó en la reciente semana en Winnipeg, Canadá, el funcionario explicó
que la carne vacuna de producción nacional representa aproximadamente el 68%
del consumo total del rubro en el mercado interno y el 7,1% del gasto total
en alimentos por habitante.
Asimismo, y superada la crisis de la aftosa en el país, vaticinó que para
este año "se espera, desde el gobierno", que la Argentina continúe
manteniendo su posición como quinto productor mundial de carne vacuna, con
una participación del 5,5%, y recupere también la sexta posición como
exportador mundial, con una participación del 7% del comercio mundial.
Sabsay fundamentó sus apreciaciones al referir los programas vigentes sobre
mejoramiento de genética y la implementación de sistemas de seguimiento de
los rodeos desde el "campo a la góndola", como la trazabilidad y la
continuidad en la provisión de las principales cualidades de la carne
argentina: terneza, palatabilidad y color.
Agregó que "para llegar al 2010 con un costo de producción y comercio libre"
se debe trabajar desde ahora en la eliminación de las distorsiones
existentes y en marcos regulatorios sanitarios internacionales más
flexibles.
Asimismo, puso de relieve que para mejorar las oportunidades del país en el
plano mundial se está trabajando en políticas públicas que cubran temas como
transparencia y eficiencia en el sistema de control sanitario, reglas de
juego claras para los operadores de la cadena e instituciones públicas y
privadas acordes.
En ese sentido, agregó, "hemos diseñado un sistema de identificación de
ganado para exportación a la Unión Europea y mercados de similares
exigencias que incluye terneros y novillos".
Además, anticipó que el gobierno ha decidido ampliar los controles de
identificación individual del ganado y dijo, sobre el tema, que prevé para
marzo del 2005 que toda la ganadería nacional (56 millones de cabezas, según
sus datos) esté comprendida en un sistema de identificación único, para
eliminar el doble estándar mercado interno-exportación y dar garantías
idénticas para los consumidores nacionales y los de otros países (ver
aparte).
Tras reseñar que los países de la Unión Europea (UE) representan el
principal destino de las exportaciones cárnicas argentinas, Sabsay acotó que
la mayor demanda son los cortes enfriados de alta calidad (cuota Hilton)
que, en dólares, "representan el 60/65% de las ventas del rubro hacia esa
región en conjunto".
En ese mismo sentido, dijo, "estamos trabajando con la Comisión Europea en
la modificación del denominado biotipo Hilton, para adecuar su definición a
las preferencias del consumidor europeo".
Consultado respecto de las perspectivas de la Argentina en el mercado ruso,
el funcionario explicó que se está negociando la autorización del ingreso de
carne bovina fresca para consumo directo y la apertura para las menudencias
bovinas.
A su turno, en coincidencia con la posición argentina en materia de fiebre
aftosa, el presidente de la Comisión del Código de Sanidad Animal de la OIE,
Alejandro Thiermann, dijo que debían considerarse en un pie de igualdad a
los países que, con o sin vacunación, están libres de la enfermedad, pues la
erradicación definitiva no es una categoría científica "recomendada por los
códigos internacionales. A igualdad de situación sanitaria corresponde
igualdad de trato comercial", consideró el especialista.
Asimismo, Thiermann recomendó "cortar la paranoia" con respecto a la "vaca
loca" que "es un problema sanitario más", no el único "ni el último", y
consideró muy probable que dentro de algunos años "estemos hablando de otra
grave enfermedad" porque el "75% de las enfermedades que afectan a los
humanos proviene de los animales, y necesitamos la colaboración de todos
para resolverlas".

Argentina 2010

El Instituto de Promoción de la Carne Vacuna Argentina (IPCVA) informó que
la Argentina será sede en el 2010 del Congreso Mundial de la Carne,
encuentro que se lleva a cabo cada dos años y reúne a los representantes de
la industria de la carne y ganados. La decisión de designar al país como
sede del evento se determinó en el marco del 15º Congreso Mundial de la
Carne desarrollado en Winnipeg, Canadá, tras una propuesta realizada por el
presidente del IPCVA, Arturo Llavallol. Durante el Congreso se decidió,
además, que los próximos países en organizarlo serán Australia, en el 2006,
y Sudáfrica, en el 2008.
Por otra parte, Llavallol, titular del IPCVA y representante de la
Argentina, fue reelecto como uno de los diez miembros del mundo que integran
el Comité Ejecutivo de la Oficina Permanente Internacional de la Carne
(OPIC).

EE. UU. y Canadá acompañaron reclamo

El acompañamiento de Estados Unidos y Canadá al reclamo internacional de la
certificación de la fiebre aftosa como enfermedad de "riesgo mínimo", que
con manejo adecuado no amenaza la sanidad de los rodeos de países
importadores ni contagia a los humanos, es el saldo más favorable para la
posición argentina obtenido durante el 15º Congreso Mundial de la Carne.
Los delegados de ambas naciones se mostraron receptivos a la presentación
del secretario de Agricultura, Ganadería, Pesca y Alimentos, Miguel Campos,
y prometieron respaldar a la Argentina en sus esfuerzos por lograr que la
Organización Internacional de Epizootias (OIE) coloque en pie de igualdad a
los países libres de aftosa "con o sin vacunación".
La conquista permitiría eliminar el "doble estándar científico" y terminar
con las excusas "sanitarias" que actualmente frenan el ingreso de las carnes
argentinas en mercados que exigen "riesgo cero" para la aftosa, como Japón,
o que utilizan la presencia de la enfermedad para bajar los precios del
producto.
Pero la "solidaridad" en un medio tan competitivo como es el Congreso
bianual de la Organización Permanente Internacional de la Carne (OPIC), que
reúne organismos oficiales y privados de 26 países ganaderos, tiene su
contrapartida. El apoyo de Estados Unidos y Canadá al reclamo argentino
responde, básicamente, a los brotes de encefalopatía espongiforme bovina
(EEB) o "vaca loca" registrados, con pocos meses de diferencia, durante el
2003 en ambos países, los que de ostentar los estándares sanitarios más
altos del mundo pasaron a sufrir el "injusto" confinamiento de los mercados
internacionales. Por eso sus representantes entienden que un nuevo "encuadre
científico" de las enfermedades en la OIE, donde se describan los riesgos
sobre "bases técnica y no emocionales", permitiría limitar las restricciones
para las carnes de los países con problemas de aftosa o "vaca loca" y
otorgaría argumentos para reclamar la reapertura de los mercados más
renuentes ante la Organización Mundial de Comercio (OMC).

Extienden trazabilidad a todo el ganado bovino

La trazabilidad o identificación individual de los animales, actualmente
limitada a la hacienda destinada a la faena para exportar a la Unión Europea
(UE), se extenderá a toda la hacienda bovina del país a partir de marzo
próximo, anunció el subsecretario de Agricultura y Política de Alimentos,
Claudio Sabsay.
"En las últimas semanas hemos decidido que para marzo del 2005 toda la
ganadería nacional, es decir 56 millones de cabezas, se encuentre
comprendida en un sistema de identificación individual" que elimine "el
doble estándar mercado interno-exportación" y dé "ga