Use of the diatomeas like absorbent toilet

INDEX

I. Characteristic generals
II chemical Components
III Location of the deposits and reserves
IV absorbent Product domestic characterization

Source: www.rosario-minerales.com.ar

I THE DIATOMITAS
The diatomitas are unicellular seaweed, that when they die the rest of their skeleton are deposited sometimes in the marine or lacustrine beds in massive layers. In those beds we found the material fossilized, that diatomea is denominated.
The diatomita is a mineral of sedimentario and organogénico origin, of silícea composition, formed essentially by frústulos (exoesqueletos) of diatomeas (nicroscópicas seaweed of the Bacillaria order).
The pure Diatomita is composed by opal, that in case of being sufficiently old happens to quartz, treating in both cases of polimorfos (different crystalline structure with the same chemical composition and forms outside) of SiO2. In their crystalline structure small amounts of alkali are located, (Na2, CaO2, K20), alumina (A1203), iron (Fe2O3), in addition to other substances. In addition impurities between the frústulos appear, such as organic matter, soluble, grain salts of sand, diverse clays and carbonates.

On numerous sedimentarias rocks (such as arcillitas and carbonitas) he is frequent to find rest of Diatomeas, but it is not possible to be classified like Diatomitas due to the low relative percentage of these, that have very dissimilar properties of those apt ones for their economic use. The impurities, in addition, must be minimum or of easy extraction. In special they are of difficult separation the argillaceous impurities, being used the material in that case, in special applications. On the other hand the index of the content of SiO2 must correspond to the one of the diatomeas.
The mineral generally is of clear coloration, off-white, with an apparent density from 0.2 to 0.6 g/dm3 and of great porosity.
The free water content of a diatomita, can vary less from of 1% g/g, to more of 60% g/g.
There is a great number of groups of diatomitas that vary in their form and disposition. The hardness of this is of 7 (in a scale that it places to the diamond in 9).
The important Filter, Bleaching, Insulating, Absorbent properties and Astringent that characterize to the Diatomeas, are given by their chemical, but fundamentahnente composition by the presence of micropore multitude in frústulas of diatomeas. The greater percentage of frústulas healthy, respect to defeats or crushed is bound intimately with the filter, bleaching capacity and of absorption.
According to his coloration, tie closely to his composition, it is possible to be classified in three commercial types.

* ?Extra? Diatomita: Clean white colors.
* Diatomita of first: Off-white colors.
* Diatomita of second: Grayish or amariuentos-off-white colors.

Recognized species
They exist more than 10,000 varieties of diatomeas.
Reahwdos studies by the ITMAS (Technological Institute of Minerals and Waters Underground) of the province of Negro River studied different samples, in which the species of diatomeas of fresh water were identified following: Cymbela Cistula; Pinularia Dactylus; Andean Pinularia; Pinularia Divergens; Melosira Itálica; Melosira Patagónica; Melosira Gratulata; Navicula Inexplorata; Cyclotella; Fragilaria Virescens; Fragilaria Fonticola; Fragilaria Construens; Diatomea Hienale; Amphora sp; Amphora Libyca; Gomphonema Intricatum; Achmanthes sp; Amphipleura Pellucida.

Other properties and applications

Thermal properties
The point of fusion of the diatomeas is generally between 1.500° and 1.600° C.
For certain impure qualities the fusion point descends, between 1.200° to 1.300° C.
The softening point is neighbor to the 1,100 °C.
One admits that a Diatomea offers the maximum of porosity and being able absorbent of liquids and gas when it is to higher temperature. Diatomeaes refracted and the density pretends increased with the temperature, to arrive at the absolute density of 2.3 near the fusion point.
The diatomea is transformed later Yridimita to the 871 °C and into Cristobalita.

Refractive index of the diatomea
She is variable, but one is between 1,44 and 1.46

Porosity and Absorbent Power
The Diatomea with degree of high porosity or great absorbent power, is very important as far as its qualities like insulator. This power of absorption is determined by means of the absorbed water difference and can be translated of weight or like coefficient of absorption that constitutes the expression in cubical centimeters of water absorbed by gram of dry product.
As a result of its coefficient of conductibilidad extremely reduced, and the permanent resistance to the temperatures most variable, the Diatomita gets to form the most rational insulator and more widely used.

Beginning

II CHARACTERISTIC MINERALOGICAS AND CHEMISTRIES OF THE DIATOMITAS

The Diatomeas used as our Raw material varies approximately within the following parameters:

Chemistries	%	%
SiO2	72..60	68.9
To 2O3	5.3	4.9
Fe2O3	2.0	5.2
OK2	0.1	0.4
MgO	0.6	0.4
Na2O	0.3	1.2
CaO	3.6	2.4
P.P.C (Loss by heat)	15.4	16.3

Apparent weight by free fall: 0.21 g/cm3

Organolépticos characters:

Vista: Cremoso white color
Flavor: Insipid
Tact: Ground, smooth of easy sliding
Ear: In stones, dry, classic sound to hollow

Beginning

III LOCATION OF THE DEPOSITS AND RESERVES

Technical report of the Deposit of Diatomita ?Javier?, in Jacobacci Engineer - Province of Negro River - Argentine Republic.

1. - Location access and geologic characteristics.
It is acceded from Jacobacci Engineer, by national route 242 after crossing 23 km in west-Southeastern direction, dede holds a concealed knife the ocal track there towards the west-northeast by a section of 1,5 kms.

The aaproximadas geographical coordinateses of the place of mining interest are approximately: 41° 25 ' 20 " of South latitude and 69° 48 ' of west longitude.

The geologic conformation of the place is given by a sedimentaria bucket that received contributions sand-I file mainly argillaceous and volcanic recurrent during the periods tertiary and cuartarias.

The formation Narrowness Colorada and Coli Toro of the Cretácico, formacioness are pronounced in the zone of sedimentarias influence vulcano-sedimentarias Curá deposit and, Collón, Rock Huanu Luan Tertiary modern and vulcanitas cuartarias with the Choiquepal formation, present Landmark, Crater and deposits.

The formation geologic of geologic-mining interest corresponds to the members Pava and Marileo of the Collonemense (Miocene) and arranges in aterrazados levels that particularly in the study area they are dislocated and displaced by a game of faults of northeast-southwestern and northwest-Southeastern course that do not cause vertical rebounds but a slight horizontal displacement of southwestern course.

Predominant the rocky types are: Diatomita, Tufas, Tufitas all of heterogenous composition as far as participation of vulcano-piroelásticos and sedimentarios elements of varied granulometría and origin.

The economic products of these members are diatomita that tie closely with relatively pure piroclásicos events (cineritas) that affect aptitues physical - chemical of the usable material.

2. - Geology of the Deposit
The deposit ?Javier? is included/understood in a level aterrazado between the 975 levels of 950 and mts.

The interest area is disectada by gorge main of complementary northwest-Southeastern direction and its northeast-southwestern conforming the superior edge of a depression that Integra laterally with the average and inferior part of the aterrazado level container of the Diatomíticos Deposits of the area.

The rocky types that in sequence characterize the zone of importance reserve are: brown, diatomitas tufas and greenish tufitas gray and or and cincritas grays, these last ones in mantles of 5 to 30 cm recurrent in the geologic time, jointly with free opalescentes varieties or as cementation agents act as prospectivas guides for the location of diatomíticos mantles and also like conditional elements in the chemical and mechanical properties physical the usable material.

3. - Estratigráfico Profile

Geomorfológicamente the reserve area has two substantial elements:

a. - Level of northwest-Southeastern Terrace of direction, with a height of approximately 30 mts. and that is developed mainly in the western edge, smaller extension is repeated towards the Eastern edge with smaller relative height and.

b. - Cñiadón - under power station, he himself disecta deeply at the terrace level the manfiesto flank this putting numerous appearances of diatomita towards the mean levels and you based of the terrace. The main axis of cañadón is like the terrace, of northwest-Southeastern direction.

A reconstruction of the estigráfico profile from the bed of the floor of the terrace (bed of cañadón) will be the following one:

Heterogenous ground with abundant pebbles of tufas and riodacíticas breaches.

Green or brown vitreous and tufitas tufas gray of the Colloneurense, that arises in intermediate and inferior levels of the terrace, the thickness of approximately 5 the pirosedimentario set of mts.
Diatomíticos levels floor are developed between about 10 level of cañadón and mts. inferior of the terrace, being depositaciones recurrntesi in the column with thicknesses of 2 to 30 cm. for volcanic ashes and from 0,35 to 1,65 mts. for the diatomitas.

2b. - Relation useful level/sterile level

The sector selected for the opening of the extractive front keeps an exceptional relation useful level sterile level, since in her two mantles of usable diatomitas and another one of inferior the 3,15 quality are put in evidence that as a whole reaches mts.de thickness, not having practicarnente sterile cover, but disposable levels of cineritas and 0.55 tufitas of mts., this makes a relation satisfactory of 3,15/0,55.

In front of quarry
Deposit ?Javier?

2c. - Mineral Resources and/or reserves

Integrating the present quarry with the topographic station exclusively in the sector or of the area of reserve we would define 600 an extractive potential in front of mts., that with a correct advantage of advance towards the west, by about 200 mts and assuming 2,75 a usable useful thickness economically of mts and a specific weight of mineral sub-saturated of 0,6 tn/mts3, we would approximately obtain a diatomítico resource ?in situ " of 180,000 tons.
The sectors this and Southeastern one lodge a very good prospectiva.

3b. - Description geologic of workings

The best descriptive profile is in the present front of operation-quarry, are different there from floor to ceiling: 0 - 1,20 mts.: Mantle ?To? of explotable diatomita, is a light material, of tenacious and compact average whiteness, slightly diaclasado towards the stuffed ceiling and with guides of of the fractures with altered volcanic ash something.
1.20 - 1,40 mts.: Gray Cinerita
1.40 - 1,75 mts.: Strongly diaclasada Diatomita
1.75 - 3,30 mts.: Mantle ?B? of explotable, little diferenciable diatomita of the Mantle ?To? with the exception of apparently greater a relative porosity.
3.30 - 3,70 mts. : Greenish diatomítica Tufita strongly lajada in planes sub-horizontals, of smaller greater tenacity and contents of the slime and clays that in the useful mantles.

4. - Conclusions

The present working of operation puts in evidence two diatomíticos mantles with a joint thickness of 2.75 mts. for its corresponding economic advantage, with excellent quality for use with raw material in absorbent domestic and industrial.

In crieriosa form and through a correct advantage of the mineral resource available the inferred reserves of diatomita between the present front of operation and the indicated work are considered in 180.000 tons.

Extracted and Gathered together material
Deposit ?Javier?

 

Beginning

IV ABSORBENT PRODUCT DOMESTIC SERVANT

Applications and uses

Raw material: Diatomea

Granulated 5-30 (for domestic applications)

TACTICALLY IMPORTANT POINT	VALUE LIMIT	CONTROL TECHNIQUE
Humidity	15% maximum	Humedímetro Gronert
Granulometría	5% Sieve 30 100% Sieve 5	I shake vigorously Mechanic
Water adsorption	1 to 1	Method Watt
Weight Hectolítrico Min.	50	Schopper balance

USES

Animal bed (cats, rabbits, hamsters, cobay, etc). To extend a layer of approximately 6 cm. of absorbent GRANULATING in the box or hygienic bed.

To retire every day the dry excrements or, with perforated spatula and to replace saturated GRANULATING once (every 10 or 15 days)

The advantages that offer this TO GRANULATE are the following ones:

* It provides comfort and hygiene, because GRANULATING it surrounds the ejection and it eliminates the bad scents.

* Easy manipulation in its transference to the hygienic bed and great desodorizante power.

* Its high capacity of absorption allows him to absorb an amount of liquid similar to the own weight of GRANULATING.

* The specific granulometría avoids that it adheres to the hair and legs of the mascot, and of that way is not scattered by the floors. Contributing in addition to give brightness to the coat of the animals.

* The color of GRANULATING changes slightly with tinkles it, being observed with facility the saturation point, moment at which the content of the bed must renew.

GRILLS: extending a layer at heart and underneath the vegetal coal, it conserves the heat and it avoids spills of fat and oil.

REFRIGERATORS: to place in a container (approx 1/2 glass) of GRANULATING in elrefrigerador, will eliminate of that way disagreeable scents and simultaneously it prevents that the flavors of the meals contained in the refrigerator are modified, when avoiding the mixture of scents.

SWEEPINGS CONTAINERS: A layer of 1 cm. extended at heart of the bucket, absorbs the liquids residual and such inhibits the decomposition of causes of bad scents, facilitating simultaneously the cleaning of the container.

PRESENTATION

- It is provided normally in printed polyethylene bags. The measures of the bags are of standard size for 2 kg and 4 kg, those that are ordered in transparent polyethylene Handbags with capaciad for 20 kg.

- Or in coats of rafla of polypropylene, approximately 30 kg each coat.

* The printed bags that we commercialized are with the mark Michi Guau, whose mark it corresponds according to the presentation of 2 kg or 4 kg different colors to him.

In the case that the client asks for divided GRANULATING with his mark, a minimum consumption will be required in that eventuality. Any other form of provision can be considered feasible, previous consultation to the production sector.

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